Need Help With My Hw I Need To Ask 3 Question

[rmaciasl]

NOT THE VOCAB ONE , BUT THE OTHER ONES YES

What’s in your Toothpaste?

Paul Bodanis

Into the bathroom goes our male resident, and after the most pressing need is satisfied it’s time to brush his teeth. The tube of toothpaste is squeezed, its pinched metal seams are splayed, pressure waves are generated inside, and the paste begins to flow. But what’s in this toothpaste, so carefully being extruded out?

Water mostly, 30 to 45 percent in most brands: ordinary, everyday simple tap water. It’s there because people like to have a big gob of toothpaste to spread on the brush, and water is the cheapest stuff there is when it comes to making big gobs. Dripping a bit from the tap onto your toothbrush would cost virtually nothing; whipped in with the rest of the toothpaste, the manufacturers can sell it a neat and accountant-pleasing $2 per pound equivalent. Toothpaste manufacture is a very lucrative occupation.

Second to water in quantity is chalk: exactly the same material schoolteachers use to write on blackboards. It is collected from the crushed remains of long-dead ocean creatures. In the Cretaceous seas chalk particles serve as the wickedly sharp outer skeleton that these creatures had to wrap around themselves to keep from getting eaten by all the other slightly larger ocean creatures they met. Their massed graves are our present chalk deposits.

The individual chalk particles—the size of the smallest mud particles in your garden—have kept their toughness over eons, and now on the toothbrush they’ll need it. The enamel outer coating of the tooth they’ll have to face is the hardest substance in the body—tougher than skull or bone, or nail. Only the chalk particles in toothpaste can successfully grind into teeth during brushing, ripping off the surface layers like an abrading wheel grinding down a boulder in a quarry.

The craters, slashes, and channels that the chalk tears into the teeth will also remove a certain amount of yellow build-up in the carnage, and it is for that reason that it is there. A certain amount of unduly enlarged extra-abrasive chalk fragments tear such cavernous pits into the teeth that future decay bacteria will be able to bunker down there and thrive; the quality control people find it almost impossible to screen out these errant chalk pieces, and government regulations allow them to stay in.

In case even the gouging doesn’t get all the yellow off, another substance is worked into the toothpaste cream. This is titanium dioxide. It comes in tiny spheres, and it’s the stuff bobbing around in white wall paint to make it come out white. Splashed around onto your teeth during the brushing process it coats much of the yellow that remains. Being water soluble it leaks off during the next few hours and is swallowed, but at least for the quick glance into the mirror after brushing it will make the user feel his teeth are truly white. Some manufacturers add optical whitening dyes—the stuff more commonly found in washing machine bleach—to make extra sure that the glance in the mirror shows reassuring white.

These ingredients alone would not make a very attractive concoction. They would stick in the tube like a sloppy white plastic lump, hard to squeeze out as well as revolting to the touch. Few consumers would savor rubbing in a mixture of water, ground-up blackboard chalk, and the whitener from latex paint the first thing in the morning. To get around that distaste the manufacturers have added in a host of other goodies.

To keep the glop from drying out, a mixture including glycerine glycol—related to the most common car antifreeze ingredient—is whipped in with the chalk and water, and to give that concoction a bit of substance (all we really have so far is wet colored chalk) a large amount of gummy molecules from the seaweed Chondrus Crispus is added. This seaweed ooze spreads in among the chalk, paint, and antifreeze and then stretches itself in all directions to hold the whole mass together. A bit of paraffin oil (the fuel that flickers in camping lamps) is pumped in to help keep the ooze smooth.

With the glycol, ooze, and paraffin we’re almost there. Only two major chemicals are left to make the refreshing, cleansing substance we know as toothpaste. The ingredients so far are fine for cleaning, but they wouldn’t make much of the satisfying foam we have come to expect in the morning.

To remedy that every toothpaste on the market has a big dollop of detergent added to it. You’ve seen the suds detergent will make in the wash machine. The same substance added here will duplicate that in the mouth. It’s not particularly necessary, but it sells.

The only problem is that by itself this ingredient tastes, well, like detergent. It’s horribly bitter and harsh. The chalk put in toothpaste is pretty foul-tasting too for that matter. It’s get around that discomfort that manufacturers put in the ingredient that they advertise perhaps the most of all. This is the flavoring, and it has to be strong. Double rectified peppermint oil is used—a flavorer so powerful that chemists know better than to sniff it in its raw state in the laboratory. Menthol crystals and saccharin or sugar simulators are added to complete the camouflage operation.

Is that it? Chalk, water, paint, seaweed, antifreeze, paraffin oil, detergent, and peppermint? Not quite. A mix like that would be irresistible to the hundreds of thousands of bacteria lying on the surface of even the most immaculately cleaned bathroom sink. They would get in, float in the water bubbles, ingest the ooze and paraffin, and maybe even spray out enzymes to break down the chalk. The result would be an uninviting mess. The way manufacturers avoid that final obstacle is by putting something in to kill the bacteria. Something good and strong is needed, something that will zap any bacteria into oblivion. And that something is formaldehyde—the disinfectant used in anatomy labs.

So it’s chalk, water, paint, seaweed, antifreeze, paraffin oil, detergent, peppermint, formaldehyde, and fluoride (which can help preserve children’s teeth)—that’s the usual mixture raised to the mouth on the toothbrush for a fresh morning’s clean. If it sounds too unappetizing, take heart. Studies show that thorough brushing with just plain water will often do as good as a job.

Assignment

First answer these questions
1. Questions on writer’s purpose: What do you suppose the writer’s purpose in writing this is? After reading the essay, you might feel that Bodanis avoids certain crucial issues about the composition of toothpaste. Does he raise any questions that he does not answer?

2. Questions on strategy: How does the writer arrange or order his division? Bodanis gives the most space to chalk. Why?

3. Vocabulary: Define any of the words you don’t know. There should be several. Please write them out and the definitions out.
Zap:
Ooze:


4. The writer links most of the products to their use in another product? Why does he do this and what effect does it have on the reader?

[Schooner]

Damn, I'm glad that I'm done with college.

[Trossi3389]

<prnd> ... Skippy where the fawk are ya?

Help a brother out.

[skippy]

I just woke up and have a few things to do.

Will look into this later.

[revnecro1273]

Originally Posted by skippy

I just woke up and have a few things to do.

Will look into this later.

like you have anything better to do

[skippy]

Originally Posted by revnecro1273

like you have anything better to do

YES I do.

First.....I have to update "Chocolate Jesus"

Second.....check my acct balance to make sure its correct.

Third.....

Fourth.....

....

Eventually minus one.....respond to Kid Thunder

Eventually.....do RMac's homework.

[revnecro1273]

Originally Posted by skippy

YES I do.

First.....I have to update "Chocolate Jesus"

Second.....check my acct balance to make sure its correct.

Third.....

Fourth.....

....

Eventually minus one.....respond to Kid Thunder

Eventually.....do RMac's homework.

wow...sounds like a busy and productive day...no wonder governments imposed a 5 day work week in most of the world

[rmaciasl]

thanks skippy I`d appreciate ur help it due for tomorrow at 11:59pm thanks

[skippy]

Assignment

First answer these questions
1. Questions on writer’s purpose: What do you suppose the writer’s purpose in writing this is? After reading the essay, you might feel that Bodanis avoids certain crucial issues about the composition of toothpaste. Does he raise any questions that he does not answer?

2. Questions on strategy: How does the writer arrange or order his division? Bodanis gives the most space to chalk. Why?

The writer lists the ingredients in toothpaste in terms of its content ratio, in descending order. Chalk is given the most space because it is the ingredient with the highest content ratio besides water. Water does not require much space because everyone knows what water is.

3. Vocabulary: Define any of the words you don’t know. There should be several. Please write them out and the definitions out.
Zap:
Ooze:


4. The writer links most of the products to their use in another product? Why does he do this and what effect does it have on the reader?

The writer wants the reader to know what the other uses of the ingredients are. The writer wants to know why a reader would not be willing to put the other products such as chalk, water, paint, seaweed, antifreeze, paraffin oil, detergent, and peppermint into their mouth, and yet willingly put toothpaste into their mouth? The effect on the reader should be that using toothpaste should be reconsidered carefully.

[rmaciasl]

thanks skippy ur the man!

[revnecro1273]

skippy...you forgot question 1

[rmaciasl]

Originally Posted by revnecro1273

skippy...you forgot question 1

it can be a NO
it depends on me man

[revnecro1273]

Originally Posted by rmaciasl

it can be a NO
it depends on me man

ah...okay...you must choose 3 of the 4 and you had already chosen the vocab question as one of the questions

[The Judge]

Originally Posted by skippy

1. Questions on writer’s purpose: What do you suppose the writer’s purpose in writing this is? After reading the essay, you might feel that Bodanis avoids certain crucial issues about the composition of toothpaste. Does he raise any questions that he does not answer?

NO

Originally Posted by skippy

3. Vocabulary: Define any of the words you don’t know. There should be several. Please write them out and the definitions out.

Zap:

Ooze:

Main Entry: zap
Pronunciation: \zap\
Function: interjection
Etymology: imitative
Date: 1929
1 : used to express a sound made by or as if by a gun
2 : used to indicate a sudden or instantaneous occurrence

Main Entry: ooze
Pronunciation: \üz\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English wose, from Old English wāse mire; akin to Old Norse veisa stagnant water
Date: before 12th century
1 : a soft deposit (as of mud, slime, or shells) on the bottom of a body of water
2 : a piece of soft wet plastic ground



I pick up Skippy's slack when necessary.

[skippy]

Originally Posted by The Judge

NO

Main Entry: zap
Pronunciation: \zap\
Function: interjection
Etymology: imitative
Date: 1929
1 : used to express a sound made by or as if by a gun
2 : used to indicate a sudden or instantaneous occurrence

Main Entry: ooze
Pronunciation: \üz\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English wose, from Old English wāse mire; akin to Old Norse veisa stagnant water
Date: before 12th century
1 : a soft deposit (as of mud, slime, or shells) on the bottom of a body of water
2 : a piece of soft wet plastic ground



I pick up Skippy's slack when necessary.

Now you are scaring me J.
I appreciate the fact that you are willing to pick up my slacks off the floor.....but NO, Thank You just the same.